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View Article  LA VIÈRGE AUX ANGES


This painting by Bouguereau, from 1881, is owned by the Forest Lawn Cemetery in Glendale, California, just over the hill from Hollywood.  In 2005 it went up to the Getty Museum in Santa Monica on an extended loan in return for restoration, which primarily involved removing a coat of varnish that had yellowed, muting the original colors.  The scan above records the restored work and comes by way of the always amazing Art Renewal Center.

I'm not sure whether or not the painting has gone back to Forest Lawn, but if you live in the Los Angeles area you're within striking distance of it, either way.  If I lived in the Los Angeles area, I go see it immediately.

It's said that you either worship Bouguereau or you despise him -- folks on either end of the spectrum tend to be a bit dogmatic on the subject. 
Anti-Modernists are inclined to place him in the Pantheon of the old masters, which seems extreme.  I think Bouguereau is a great painter of the second or third rank, assuming, for example, that Jan Van Eyck is a painter of the first rank.  Anti-Victorians are inclined to dismiss him out of hand as the embodiment of kitsch, which I think is even sillier.

The important thing is that his works are wonderful, in a very odd and original way.  You can enjoy them immensely without worshiping them and you can recognize their limitations without despising them.
View Article  REPORT FROM NEW YORK: THE HIGH LINE


Folks who don't live in the New York City area might not know about the High Line -- a stretch of elevated railroad tracks in lower Manhattan.  It used to carry freight trains into Manhattan terminals but stood abandoned for years and attained a kind of mythical status, because it became overgrown with vegetation and constituted a bit of wilderness in the middle of the city.  It was officially inaccessible but became familiar through photographs taken of it and the stories of people who sneaked up to have a look at it themselves.

The basic structure has remained sound and a campaign was launched to turn it into a park -- a very odd park.  The park opened this month and my friend Jae Song, a resident of Brooklyn, went to see it.  He sends the following report of his initial impressions, illustrated with photos he took, mostly using the panorama mode on his cell-phone camera:

Went to visit the High Line.

For crowd control on opening day they set up a rule -- you could only enter from one end and exit at the other.  Even though it wasn't opening day when I visited, and there was hardly anyone there, when I tried to go up the "exit" stairs there was some fascist telling me I had to walk down to the entrance at the other end. (Why can't people just think on their own?  Why do they have to follow strict rules without knowing what the rules are for?)


This should have tipped me off as to what I was about to experience . . .

At first -- it was exciting to be able to go up to those old tracks that have been closed off for so long.

And it was really . . . nice.

A very well designed place.



There are benches that rise up from the ground in sleek fashion.  There are big lounge chairs made of dark wood.  There's a space with auditorium seating that looks out over 10th Avenue.



The palette is modern grey and dark brown . . . with weeds carefully placed growing in patches here and there.

Everything is very well thought out and all . . . perfect.

I walked all the way to the far end and then went back to the middle and took a seat on one of the lounge chairs.

And as I sat there . . . I became incredibly sad.



The High Line is like one of those beautiful old historic factories that is converted into a clean modern luxury loft.

The modern sleekness has cleaned all emotion from the place.  No mystery -- no possibilities.

It's all too perfectly designed, too purposefully placed . . . everything -- every "haphazard" weed, every loose pebble.  Even the concrete slabs on the ground have perfectly placed irregularities.  All of it makes it impossible for me to make the space . . . my space.  I can't connect with it personally.

I can't do anything in the space that the architects and designers haven't already prepared for.



I feel controlled by whatever corporation it was that took it over.  The planners obviously wanted to keep the feel of the old High Line -- but the old High Line was an iron industrial structure that nature took over, in unpredictable ways.  There's nothing unpredictable about it now.

It's like watching an
M. Night Shyamalan movie.  It is very well crafted -- I can't fault him for not making a very well-constructed movie -- but most of the time I don't really feel anything, and the movie has very little life.  It's not that I don't like the movie, it's that I feel I'm supposed to like it, I'm supposed to feel a certain way, but I don't, and I want to feel something but I don't . . . and that pisses me off.

Unlike watching a Godard film.  It's sloppy as hell but so exciting, and it makes me giggle, and sometimes I'm glued to the screen and I don't even know why . . . I don't know what the hell's going on.

Why is there this need to make beautiful old things into clean sterile piles of nothing?  Do they make yuppies feel safe?  Because they don't have to think -- they go, they know what they are suppose to do, they do it, they post pics online, they check it off on their experience list.



Why can't something just be, age and become whatever it is it is becoming?  What's with face lifts and boob jobs?  What's with "luxury" condos?  What's with the High Line!  Another place for people to make money now I suppose.  (There are bars and restaurants opening up all over the neighborhoods near the High Line, and up on the High Line, too.)  Personally I like a really nicely aged steak rather than a fresh cut.

It is so sad to me . . . yet another thing in New York that has come to ruin . . .



Jae has made subsequent visits to the High Line and modified his opinion of it somewhat.  New Yorkers are appropriating it and making it their own.  That's what New Yorkers always do.  When Central Park opened in 1873 one of its designers, Frederick Law Olmstead, wanted visitors to use it exactly as he imagined it being used -- strolling its paths in a civilized manner, serenely admiring his vision of nature.  He didn't want bars or bandstands or ball fields -- anything that might attract or appeal to the baser natures of the great unwashed.

That didn't last long.

So there's hope for the High Line, too.  Perhaps Jae will write a follow-up report on the progress of its re-incorporation . . . as a people's park.

[All photos © 2009
Jae Song]
View Article  A PHOTOGRAPH OF PARIS FOR TODAY


From the 1950s, I think.  Very cool.  Paris swings, but old lady Seine . . . she just keeps rolling along.

I can't remember where I found this or who took it.  If anybody out there knows, I'll be happy to give credit where credit is due.
View Article  BLAKE'S GRAVE


In 1972, when I was 22 years-old, I crossed the Atlantic for the first time, to London, where my sister was living at the time.  I went with the rest of my family, including my grandmother, and my friend Cotty Chubb.  We stayed in a rented house near Hampstead Heath.

We arrived at night and first thing the next morning Cotty and I headed straight to Bunhill Fields by the Underground.  We would have taken the Edgeware-Morden line from Hampstead to the Old Street station, which is just a short walk from Bunhill Fields.  At one end of the journey or the other we found a florist and bought three yellow roses to lay on the grave of William Blake, who is buried in Bunhill Fields with other dissenters from the Church Of England orthodoxy.



In 1965 many of the grave markers in Bunhill Fields (whose name is derived from Bonehill Fields) had been removed to create a small park with a lawn -- the "fields" of old have become a very small bit of enclosed space.  Blake's grave had been unmarked until 1927, when a small stone was erected over it.  In 1965 the stone, which lay within the area of the planned park, was moved to a location near the intersection of two paved pathways, which is where we found it and where it remains today, about 20 yards from Blake's actual resting place, in a once-again unmarked spot on the present lawn.  (Recently the actual gravesite was re-discovered and there are plans afoot to put a new marker there.)

We laid the roses on the pathway in front of the marker we found.  "One for me," I said, "one for thee, and one for you know who."  I wasn't quite sure what this meant, but it allows me to say today that I laid a rose on Blake's grave for you, whoever you are.



Cotty and I visited several other Blake sites in London, and took a train down to Felpham, on the south coast of England, to see the cottage where Blake lived for a few years and where he wrote Jerusalem.

From the train station in Felpham we took an enclosed double-decker bus to the cottage.  It was just before Christmas.  In the front seat of the second deck of the bus was a little girl of about 5 years of age, sitting with her mother.  The little girl was singing, in a sweet, piping voice, "Hark, the Herald Angels Sing!"



I'm quite sure that Mr. Blake arranged this -- perhaps to thank us for the flowers.
View Article  MICHAEL BEATS IT


Demons drove him hence.  He was a beautiful young man who somehow got the notion that he was meant to look like Lena Horne.  He paid doctors to hack away at his face until it bore a grotesque resemblance to his dream.  It was reported that in recent years the surgery had caused his nose to collapse, requiring the use of a prosthetic device to hide the horror of it.  Poe alone could have dealt with the American Gothic tragedy of Michael Jackson's life -- the life of a man who made and wore his own death mask.



The root of it was probably all too simple -- the usual dad thing.  It's been related that Michael's dad, when Michael was a kid about to go on stage, used to tell him there were men with guns in the audience who would shoot him if he didn't dance fast enough.  He's been dancing fast ever since.  From childhood he was surround by crowds of people who couldn't say no to him -- all of which was nothing as against a father who couldn't say yes.



He really was the King Of Pop, though -- even if that was a title he first bestowed on himself.  Great pop music can unite generations and classes and races in its infectious magic.  As the tributes pile up on the cable news shows, Michael's music plays them in and out.  Almost all of it makes you want to dance -- and makes you sad that Michael was dancing to a different beat in his head when he made it . . . the beat of a death march that has finally reached the burying ground.

All that wonderful music we heard in its place was perhaps another illustration of The Nazareth Principle.
View Article  "HIKING THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL"


In my last post I goofed on all the conflicting stories surrounding the mystery of Governor Mark Sanford's whereabouts.  Little did I know that the truth behind the incident would prove more surreal than I could possibly have imagined.  The guy was "hiking the Appalachian Trail" down in Argentina, of all places, and having himself a good cry in the bargain.


I don't mean to be too flip about it, though.  If you watched the poor fellow's press conference you basically saw someone having a nervous breakdown on national television.  Sanford strikes me as a different sort of man from John Ensign, whose adultery and contrition over same seemed purely cynical, and which I parodied in an earlier post.  Ensign doubled his mistress's salary while they were sleeping together, then fired her when the affair was over.  His "backstreet romance" was more like transactional sex -- like prostitution.



I see Ensign as one of those politicians who enjoy using the law to force their morality on others but feel no corresponding obligation to live up to that morality themselves.  This is less about hypocrisy or ordinary human frailty than about pathological arrogance.  Eliot Spitzer, on the other side of the political spectrum, seemed to suffer from the same syndrome -- relentlessly prosecuting prostitution in courts of law while employing the "services" of a prostitute in private.



John Edwards, by contrast, didn't pontificate about other people's morality -- his adultery seemed to proceed from narcissism of an extremely advanced variety.

Sanford's case feels more complex, and interesting.  He's clearly still in love with his Argentinian bombshell, if by love we mean the pussy-fever associated with a new and transgressive sexual relationship.  Some failing in the right-wing Christian culture he inhabits seems to have left him unprepared to deal with the power of that fever -- you get a sense he was blindsided by it, and is still reeling from the blow.

Perhaps there is something about the rhetoric of his culture that minimizes the exaltation of sexual love, relating it too exclusively to law and duty, downplaying its delirious joy, leaving the members of that culture defenseless when the real thing emerges or re-emerges in their lives.



When it comes to adultery, I'm agin' it -- I don't see it as a "pecadillo" but as a profound, existentially crippling moral failing . . . yet at the same time less about the sex involved than about a violation of trust that can almost literally rip the heart out of a partner.  No amount of personal pleasure or fulfillment can justify it, but you need to have a healthy appreciation of just how much personal pleasure and fulfillment it can deliver to know what you're up against when it presents itself.

I don't think Mark Sanford had a clue.  In his e-mails to his mistress he sounds like a lovesick and somewhat bewildered teenager.  How did he get to the age of 49 in that condition of emotional immaturity?
View Article  BREATHING ROOM


I'd like to apologize to the readers of this blog for my unexplained absence between the 16th and 18th of this month, when nothing was posted here.  The truth is that I went off hiking by myself in the Red Rock National Conservation Area, just outside Las Vegas -- because I needed some space to clear my head.

While in Mexico, I was able to put things back into focus, reorder my priorities and set ambitious new goals for the future.



There's just something about the pure air of the Canadian Rockies that sharpens a fellow's perspective.  Up in that high country, far above the worries of the world, I was lucky enough to run into my old friend Mark Sanford, Governor of South Carolina, who was having a little "time out" of his own.  We fished for trout in a sparkling brook, cooked up our catch over a crackling fire under the stars and commiserated about our crushing responsibilities.



It helped, I can tell you.  As we brought our little boat about in a brisk gale in the Bay Of Biscay and headed towards the shelter of the harbor at Santander, we felt ready to resume our burdens.

I know people were worried about me while I was gone -- the Gobi Desert isn't a place you want to wander in for too long on your own -- but I'm back, I'm fine, and I feel renewed.  When Mark gets home, I'm sure he'll have a very similar tale to tell.
View Article  DISHONORED


What's happening in Iran right now makes me ashamed that I didn't take to the streets in 2000, along with hundreds of thousands of other Americans, when the Supreme Court appointed George Bush President, in lieu of counting all the votes actually cast in the election -- the most disgraceful act committed by that august body since the Dred Scott decision of 1857.

All Americans should have been willing to die rather than accept the selection of its leader by a small group of "wise elders" rather than the election of that leader by the votes of the people.  We lost an incalculable measure of our honor as citizens of a great republic when we failed to respond to the Supreme Court's grotesque violation of the Constitution.



The people of Iran, especially its courageous young women, put us all to shame, and make us realize that we richly deserved our Ahmadinejad -- "the mullahs's choice".
View Article  NEDA


My sister Neda -- and yours.  Murdered by the Iranian state on the streets of Tehran this past Saturday.


Folks who use Twitter are encouraged to set their Twitter time zone to Tehran time -- in the Settings menu -- to help disguise Tweets originating in Iran from the Iranian government.

The coverage of the events in Iran by the cable news networks has been disgraceful.  They basically just report online news several hours after it appears on the Internet, jazzed up with meaningless bloviation.

The deluge of Tweets on the subject is confusing, however.  Here's a site which filters them intelligently (something the official news organizations seem incapable of doing):

Super-filtered #IranElection info for the easily overwhelmed (like CNN).

View Article  L'INCONNUE DE LA SEINE


Do you know about her?


The story goes like this . . .

In the 1880s the corpse of a young girl was found floating in the Seine.  The body showed no marks of violence, so it was assumed the girl committed suicide.  She was never identified.

Apparently a doctor working in the Paris morgue was so taken by her beauty that he made a death mask of her face.  Somehow copies of the death mask started circulating -- Romantic artists in particular fell in love with it and hung it on the walls of their studios.  When people couldn't get copies of the cast they settled for photographs of it, and some artists even made new sculptures based on the photographs.  It became a cult object.  L'Inconnue de la Seine -- the Unknown Girl of the Seine, as she came to be called -- was mentioned in a number of works of 20th Century literature.

However . . .

. . . modern experts say that the original cast could not possibly be a death mask, especially one taken from a corpse which had spent any time in water, because it's too detailed and the skin is too firm and full over the skull.  They say it was made from a living model, probably around sixteen years of age.

The true model, like the original corpse, has never been identified.



André Bazin said that a film image has the same relationship to the reality it records that a death mask has to the face of the corpse it's taken from -- a kind of shared "identity" based on a strict point to point correspondence.  Glamorizing a dead girl by worshiping a cast of her face may seem like a Victorian eccentricity -- but in our time we worship the images of long-dead movie stars in just the same way.  The photographic "casts" of their faces and forms, in motion no less, still have glamor . . . and it's partly the glamor of loss, of death.



The "death mask" of L'Inconnue de la Seine had a certain false piquance supplied by the fact that it was, in fact, a life mask.  ("So alive -- even in death!")  It's a different kind of object in our time, because the living girl whose face it reproduced has long since died.  But she was a star in her time -- and remains one, like Judy Garland, Marilyn Monroe . . . and, in her own more sublime and serious way, Neda.

View Article  ONE LIFE


The unarmed woman in the picture above was shot dead on the streets of Tehran today.  She was apparently standing off to the side with her father watching the protests when she was shot through the chest by a member of the official "militia" on a nearby rooftop.  I wonder how this brave and devout fellow is sleeping tonight.  I wonder how the sick, wicked old men who unleashed this horror are sleeping tonight.


It has been reported that the name of the murdered women is Neda -- which is Farsi for "voice".  It has not been silenced.  Her name has flown around the world on the Internet with the speed of angels in flight.  Pictures of her bloody face have been taken up by the protesters in Iran as a symbol of their rising.

I'm sorry to post it here -- I know it's hard to look at -- but it helps me realize that the hands reaching down to save her must be our hands, too.  We are all Iranians now.  An anonymous Tweet from someone in Iran:


I had one vote.  I gave it to Mousavi.  I have one life.  I will give it for freedom.

In terrible moments like this we realize how important and powerful one life can be.

Mousavi says he is ready for martyrdom.  Will the sick, wicked old men demand that of him?  If so, they will join the dust heap of history far quicker and far sooner than anyone could have imagined ten days ago.

View Article  ONE WORLD, ONE CULTURE, ONE HOPE


A protester on the streets of Iran this week holding up a hand puppet with a sign that reads:


Real face of a liar dictator.



If you're the praying sort, pray for those on the streets of Iran today.  If not, keep your fingers crossed.

View Article  A VOICE CRYING OUT IN THE DESERT


John Ensign is one of my Senators here in the great state of Nevada.  For years he's been speaking out forcefully against the legal recognition of same-sex unions, on the grounds that it represents a threat to the sanctity of traditional marriage.

Some might say that he has pontificated self-righteously on the subject, but you have to understand that John saw legal same-sex unions as a clear and present danger to the very foundations of human civilization.

Recent events have tended to confirm his view beyond a reasonable doubt.

When John heard that Vermont, Maine and Iowa (of all places!) had recognized same-sex unions he immediately began fucking someone who was not his his wife.  Who can blame him?  If two fags in Iowa could get the same civil benefits of marriage that used to be reserved for heterosexual couples exclusively, what possible motivation remained for John to honor the sanctity of his own marriage vows?

Vermont, Maine, Iowa -- please, in the name of all that's holy!  Repeal your laws recognizing same-sex unions now and help save John Ensign's marriage before it's too late!



John is not a bad person.  He's stepped up to the plate, taken responsibility and expressed contrition for his actions.  All it took for him to do this was a threat of blackmail.  If rumors of other "indiscretions" prove to be true, I'm sure he'll express the same contrition for each of them -- all in good time . . . just as soon as the gentle prod of blackmail is applied.

Meanwhile . . . for shame, Iowa -- for shame!
View Article  A SCI-FI PULP COVER FOR TODAY


Awkward dating moments do seem to occur more often when extraterrestrial aliens woo earthlings.  A little more understanding on both sides is what's needed.
View Article  A TOUCH OF ROMANCE FOR TODAY


The illustration above for a romance story in a women's magazine from 1959 (I'm not sure which one) was done by Coby Whitmore, who specialized in such stories and in magazine ads for women's products.

Whitmore was part of a new wave in magazine illustration in the late Forties that broke away from the Norman Rockwell school -- but not too far.  The artists of this generation still relied on an almost photorealistic draftsmanship but began to get freer, more painterly, with the treatment of the surface of the image and moved towards bolder graphic effects in the overall design.  Backgrounds often became highly abstracted -- a contrast to the meticulously rendered environments of Rockwell's most characteristic work.  The image below is an illustration for a romance story in a 1957 issue of Good Housekeeping:



The images of the new-wave artists still had a strong narrative element but it was more intimate, trying to capture fleeting moments and moods, focusing on the characters depicted with a view to glamorizing them.

This approach would come to dominate pulp-fiction paperback covers in the late Fifties and Sixties and informs the style of artists like Robert McGinnis.  It's also related to the photorealistic but graphically striking soap-opera comic strips of the Fifties like Mary Perkins On Stage.
View Article  CHRISTMAS WITH KEROUAC: THE NAZARETH PRINCIPLE

                                                                  [Jack Kerouac, photograph with annotations by Allen Ginsberg]

I pulled into Nazareth,
I was feelin' 'bout half past dead.

                                     -- Robbie Robertson

Paul Zahl and his wife Mary recently moved from Maryland to Florida.  On the road with a friend, hauling his belongings south, Paul had a rendezvous with the Ghost of Christmas Past:

Our son Simeon says that faith is summed up in something he calls the "Nazareth principle".  This refers to the question in the New Testament where someone scoffs at Jesus the carpenter by asking, "Can anything good come out of Nazareth?"

The idea was that Nazareth was a city, in the region of Galilee, which was known for its "mixed-blood" and therefore suspect practice of Judaism.  Because the carpenter/prophet came from Nazareth, didn't that disqualify him from being the real thing?

Yet as Simeon says, in life -- time after time -- the best things come from the unlikeliest places.  And this "Nazareth principle" extends to the fact that out of trouble and wounds, disappointments and closed doors, come often the actual breakthroughs of personal life.


 
I just saw this "Nazareth principle" up close and personal on a visit to the town of Rocky Mount, North Carolina.  A friend of mine and I were driving a rental truck from Washington, D.C. to Orlando, Florida and I decided to try to find and see a place I dearly love, in my heart.  This is the house where Jack Kerouac used to come at Christmas during the mid-1950s in the midst of his wild ride of a life.  Whether Kerouac was in Manhattan, San Francisco, or Mexico City, he always hitchhiked his way back home for Christmas.  And home for Kerouac was wherever his mother, "Memere", was.
 
Because Kerouac's sister, Caroline, and her husband Paul, and their little boy Paul were living in Rocky Mount for a period of years, home for Christmas meant there.



This was Kerouac's most intense Buddhist phase, which also meant a 24/7 dialogue with Christianity, his inherited religion.  The weeks in Rocky Mount are described in great detail in his notes on religion, which were published posthumously as Some of the Dharma.  Kerouac would meditate almost every night in Twin Pine Grove behind his sister's house, and write down every single word and vision that occurred to him.

He also composed his book Visions of Gerard at the kitchen table in Rocky Mount.
 
So I wanted to see where these great words came to him, to "heav'n's recording angel" -- Allen Ginsberg's phrase for his friend Jack Kerouac.  [Below, a very young Allen Ginsberg:]



But I had no address.

 
What I did have was a photograph of the house, taken by a local journalist and published on her blog.  I also knew that the house was in a section of Rocky Mount about three miles outside of town which used to be called Big Easonburg Woods but is now called West Mount.  This is all that my friend Michael McDowell and I had to go on -- the name for the neighborhood and a photograph of a tiny frame house painted blue-gray with purple shutters.
 
So we pulled our Budget truck off Route 95 and made our way to a long road called West Mount Drive, then just started driving and looking.  There were a lot of big trucks and no one had any patience with our little moving van with its caution lights flashing.  We drove about a mile and saw several houses that might have been the one.  And then . . .


                                                    [Photo © Marion Blackburn]

I saw it!  The handicapped ramp and the colors exactly as in the photograph.

 
At the corner of Cameron Street and West Mount Drive sits the house in which God spoke to Jack Kerouac.  Or at least that is how I see it.  The jungled grove of pine trees is right behind the house, there is a gas station just yards away (in Kerouac's day this was a "cracker" country store as he described it), and a few small brick bungalows sit on a dead-end road behind the home.  They each have a satellite dish and each one looks as if it were built in the mid-1960s.
 
I didn't dare to knock on the door -- the house is obviously lived in, with children's toys scattered in the small backyard -- but asked about it at the gas station.  The man at the desk had never heard of Kerouac.  Yet this was definitely the house.  I had read about it on another Kerouac blog, in which the fan had found himself unwelcome when he looked inside.  But the pictures all matched.


                    [Photo © Daniel Barth]
 
We parked our truck, I walked around, meditated for five minutes -- it was about 100 degrees -- and envisaged our man walking around with his poncho and his dog between two a.m. and five a.m. on those cold December and January nights in 1956.  That the genius, like the Son of Man, had "no place to lay his head" except for this tiny little spot in the "back of beyond", is simply an astonishing fact of human existence and history.


 
I don't know if you've ever had the chance to read Visions of Gerard, but it is sublime.  It tells the story of the death of Jack's older brother at age nine, in Lowell, Massachusetts -- a kind of saint, this child.  And the author gives his tale and his interpretation of the tale absolutely everything he has.  It is a masterpiece that I recommend to everyone, especially if religion interests you.  On one page Jack is a Samsara-diagnosing Buddhist; on another, a Crown of Thorns Christian, of piercing conscience and intention.  And he wrote the inspired little book at the kitchen table of this house on West Mount Drive at the corner of Cameron Street.
 
Later that night, Michael and I stopped at the house of friends in the Low Country of South Carolina.  It was and is one of that region's most beautiful and soulful plantations, an ante-bellum house of exquisite taste and proportions.  We had a wonderful time, with lovely, thoughtful people.


 
But I myself was still in Rocky Mount!  How could it be that "God"/A Higher Power/Karma/The Father of All could have set up a world in which one of His finest and most gifted spirits would have no settled home save this tiny refuge, covered now, and even then, with the dust of passing trailers and trucks and "Dukes of Hazard" Corvettes.  Yet that's the way it really is.  And there is something to this affinity with a Man of Sorrows that struck me on Monday afternoon, and definitely struck Kerouac even back then as he wrote his notes in the Carolina dawn, which mirrors the facts of suffering life.
 
Nowhere could the Nazareth principle be more concrete than in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, off Wesleyan Boulevard on that long industrial road which cuts through Big Easonburg Woods.



Jack Kerouac rests far from Rocky Mount, in
Lowell, Massachusetts, where his grave (above) is also a place of pilgrimage, but you just know that his restless spirit is still on the road -- that we're likely to encounter it anywhere, from Bodh Gaya to Nazareth to West Mount Drive.

[Note:  Fans of Paul Zahl's contributions to this site can now find all his articles (and one about him) at The Zahl File, in the category list to the left.]
View Article  A MEXICAN LOBBY CARD FOR TODAY


Mexican lobby cards have a wonderful sort of honesty.  The colorful illustration promises magic, the photographic insert confesses to the kind of banality one will likely find in the film itself.

It hardly matters, since the rumba in question will undoubtedly be caliente.
View Article  A THOMAS EAKINS FOR TODAY


"Taking the Count", from 1896 -- one of several very cool Eakins works depicting "the ring".

Eakins had a decidedly non-Romantic attitude towards his subjects, which attracted a lot of criticism from the art establishment of his day.  As a teacher at the Pennsylvania Academy Of the Fine Arts he preferred to have his students draw from nude models rather than from plaster casts and was ultimately fired for removing the loincloth from a male model while female students were present.  This contrarian strain has given him a bona fides with modern critics -- he's one of the few Victorian academic painters it is fashionable to admire.

Whatever.
View Article  JUST BEFORE JAZZ


Thomas Riis's fascinating book Just Before Jazz examines the influence of black composers and performers on American musical theater between 1890 and 1915 -- that is, just before the era in which the modern book musical began to take shape.

The songs of black composers were very similar in many ways to the popular songs written by white composers, even the white composers of operettas.  A number of black composers in this period (like Will Marion Cook, below) were highly sophisticated, classically trained musicians, capable of writing and performing in any style.  (Many of them were "slumming" in popular theater because of barriers to their involvement in more refined areas of practice.)



What distinguished their work was the incorporation of the sort of syncopations found in ragtime, which became a popular sensation around the turn of the century.  Their work didn't emphasize such syncopations to the degree that ragtime did -- they were more like stylistic inflections -- but they thrilled audiences of the time.

Among the most popular songs in this period, an astonishing percentage were written by black composers, and they included not only minstrel-type songs but ethnically neutral ones.  It was the purely rhythmic lilt that made the difference.



Almost all of these songs were first done for musical shows originating in New York City, often in Broadway productions, leading Riis to argue that black composers bear the primary credit for introducing black musical strains into the American musical.  Berlin and Kern and Gershwin weren't "reaching down" into an exotic black musical culture for inspiration -- they were responding, artistically and commercially, to developments in the world of musical theater all around them.

You have to wonder why these black composers aren't better known today.  Partly it's because the lyrics of many of their songs are offensive to modern ears -- the "coon song" was a typical genre, with its caricatures derived from minstrel shows.  As black songwriters became more powerful, however, they toned down the uglier aspects of these caricatures, leaving stereotypes comparable to those attached to other ethnic groups like the Irish and the "Dutch" (as Germans were once called.)  These stereotypes aren't congenial to our present tastes, perhaps, but they aren't exactly vicious, either.



More importantly, these black composers failed to achieve wider celebrity, and failed to enter our cultural memory, because they could not participate fully in the flowering of musical comedy in the later decades of the 20th Century.  Their songs were bought and performed by white performers in vaudeville, were sometimes interpolated into shows with white casts and were disseminated nationally via sheet music, but in the theater, they wrote primarily for all-black shows.  Broadway had a place for such shows, but it was a limited place.

Black composers were very rarely hired to provide complete musical programs for shows with white casts -- they never became part of the mainstream of producers, musicians and writers who created the ordinary run of Broadway musicals.  White composers adapted the style of their black peers within an establishment that stayed predominantly white.



So today, when we hear Judy Garland and Margaret O'Brien singing "Under the Bamboo Tree" in the movie musical Meet Me In St. Louis, we likely have no idea that this song, a monster hit in 1903, with a tune that is still familiar and still infectious, melodically and rhythmically, was written by three black men, James Weldon Johnson, his brother Rosamond Johnson and Bob Cole.  Below, a portrait of Cole and Rosamond Johnson:



But the past, of course, as an old Russian saying has it, is always unpredictable.
View Article  WHAT TO POST, WHAT TO POST?


A Norman Rockwell for today!
View Article  A ROOM SOMEWHERE


I'm a child of rock and roll.  The first song I remember hearing on the radio, when I was seven years-old, was Elvis Presley's "All Shook Up".  I don't have a distinct memory of hearing "Hound Dog", which came out a year earlier, on the radio but I remember some of the cultural fall-out it caused.  I lived in a tiny town in rural North Carolina at the time, and a kid in my first-grade class who lived on a nearby farm brought his guitar to school one day and played the song for us.  I guess it was the first time it dawned on him that knowing how to play the guitar might be seen as a cool thing by his peers.



I remember seeing Elvis perform the song on the Ed Sullivan show, later that year.  A year after that, Jailhouse Rock was the first movie I was ever allowed to go see at night.

I can't say, though, that any of Elvis's songs got to me at that age.  They were just part of the landscape -- part of the soundtrack of everyday life.  I didn't really start to appreciate Elvis until I was in my twenties, and didn't own recordings of any of those early hits until then.

The first popular music that got to me came on an LP record.  It was the first LP record my family ever owned, bought to play on our first record player, which my dad brought home as a surprise one day in 1956 and which looked something like this:



It's possible that the LP came with the set, but more likely that my dad bought the player so he could listen to the LP.  It was the Broadway cast recording of My Fair Lady.



This LP was even more popular than Elvis's LPs back then -- the My Fair Lady cast recording still holds the record for the most weeks on Billboard's top forty charts.  If my dad bought our first record player just so he could hear it, I'm sure he was doing what tens of thousands of other Americans were doing at the same time.

The extended-play LP -- which could fit 26 minutes of music on a side -- was only four years old in 1956.  It was developed primarily to fit all the songs from a typical musical on one record, and it was the cast recordings of popular musicals like Kiss Me Kate and My Fair Lady that really established the format.

My dad loved the recording of My Fair Lady and played it over and over.  The song I remember him liking the most was "A Hymn To Him", with the refrain "Why can't a woman be more like a man?"  The song that got to me was "Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" with its sweet melody and its air of longing:

All I want is a room somewhere,
Far away from the cold night air,
With one enormous chair --
Oh, wouldn't it be loverly?

I'm not sure what I might have been longing for back in those happy times, but the feeling of it struck a chord.



My family always bought the recordings of the big hit Broadway shows -- The King and I, Flower Drum Song, Camelot, The Sound Of Music, Funny Girl.  I always loved them, played them over and over, found myself touched by the ballads in particular.  For all that, I never thought of Broadway show tunes as "my music" -- when I got to the age when I could choose my own records to buy, they were records of folk and then rock music.  The show tunes were just hidden away somewhere in my heart . . .

. . . until one day, very late in life, I realized what they'd meant to me, what good companions they'd been, what good companions they are and always will be.

Have a listen here to "Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" from that 1956 LP, which will only be up for a short time.  It still takes me back with uncanny efficiency to the den in my family's house in Belhaven, North Carolina where I first heard it at the age of six.  No other version of the song does this.

Julie Andrews, by the way, was only twenty years-old when she recorded it:


1 Attachments
View Article  SERUM TO CODFISH COVE (PAGE TEN)


The tenth and final page of "Serum To Codfish Cove" by the legendary Carl Barks, found on Rodney Bowcock's Comics and Stories blog, which Mr. Bowcock has sadly just abandoned.

All ends well, of course, though Donald is soon back to his old ways . . . because nothing ever changes too much in Duckburg.

This delightful work has been posted as a tribute to Barks and Mr. Bowcock, whose blog will be missed.
View Article  A GUINNESS AD FOR TODAY


Truer words than these were never spoken.
View Article  SERUM TO CODFISH COVE (PAGE NINE)


The ninth page of "Serum To Codfish Cove" by the legendary Carl Barks, found on Rodney Bowcock's Comics and Stories blog, which Mr. Bowcock has sadly just abandoned.

I said in my comments on the previous page of this story that Donald's repentance resolved the moral aspect of the fable -- the boasting that led Donald into the mess he's in.  He's gotten his comeuppance and he knows it.  This wasn't the moral climax of the tale, though, which comes here, when the nephews decide to give all the credit for their actions to Donald.  This will lead to a final ironic twist in the next and concluding page.

Great cut between the third and fourth panels above.  As usual when the action gets intense, Barks plays with the panel borders to indicate dislocation.  Notice how the head of the spy in the third panel actually violates the border of the first panel, which suggests at first glance that the spy is within the nephews' line of sight, even though he isn't literally sharing the space depicted in the panel.

Stay tuned for the final page of this delightful work, posted as a tribute to Barks and Mr. Bowcock, whose blog will be missed.
View Article  WAY OUT


A second report from a recent cultural pilgrimage to New York by Paul Zahl:


They were all broadcast at nine-thirty, Friday nights on CBS, starting in March of 1961, right before
The Twilight Zone.

I'm referring to the insanely scary episodes of Roald Dahl's short-lived television series entitled
Way Out.

[That's Dahl above, about six years before he did Way Out.]

Do you remember them?

They were grisly, brief, almost always with surprising and shocking endings, and made a huge impression on watchers of any age.

When I compare the impact of
Way Out to The Outer Limits, which was great, and The Twilight Zone, which was greater . . .

. . .
Way Out wins the race.

There was not one single element of humor, except that of the henpecked or cuckolded, and therefore vengeful, husband -- a frequent theme.

The music, by Robert Cobert -- who would later do
Dark Shadows, Kolchak the Night Stalker, and all the Dan Curtis productions of the 1970s -- was extremely eerie.

And Dick Smith, who went on to become a Hollywood legend, did the Gothic makeup jobs.
 
But the thing is, you can't see them!  They're impossible to see. They've never been officially released to DVD or video, although four, and four only, are unofficially available in very poor video versions.  The reason they haven't been released involves some complicated rights issues -- but David Susskind, who produced the series, gave copies of the shows to The Museum of Broadcasting in New York City, now known as the Paley Media Center, on West 52nd Street.

It is only there that these shocking little segments of early Sixties television can be viewed.
 
They
can be viewed, however.


 
Last Thursday, after seeing
Our Town at the Barrow Street Theatre the night before, I went up to midtown and staked out a scholar's console in the Library of the Paley Center.

I was able to watch four episodes of
Way Out, all of which I had seen in 1961, with a child's (haunted) eyes; and none of which I had seen again since those unsettling Friday nights in Georgetown, D.C.

The one I was most interested in seeing was the scariest, at least then, and is called "Soft Focus".
 
"Soft Focus" is 29 minutes of Barry Morse playing a photographer who has invented a retouching agent for his portraits of people, which has the side effect of retouching their actual faces.  Thus a little boy loses an ugly birthmark which "Dr. Pell" has erased in the lab.  Then, too, an actress whose face has been scarred is able to be beautiful again with the help of Dr. Pell.  Dr. Pell's wife, however, Louise, is involved with her husband's young assistant.  Louise doesn't know that her husband knows what is going on.
 
He begins to 'touch up' a photograph of her.  She starts to age.  (He touches up his own photograph, too, to make himself look younger.) When she begins to look about 50 or so -- and she looks awful -- her boyfriend jilts her.  Enraged and abandoned, she enters her husband's studio and right in front of his eyes, pours the whole bottle of solution on his portrait.  He screams, and in the climax, which no one who saw it in 1961 ever forgot, he turns towards his gloating wife, and towards the camera, with half his face wiped away, a perfect blank.

Dick Smith accomplished the effect perfectly.  Barry Morse just stares at you, the left side of his face a smooth nothing of putty.


 
"Soft Focus" was written by Phil Riesman, Jr., a prolific TV writer who specialized in history-based shows but wrote three episodes of
Way Out.  The basic idea of Reisman's script for "Soft Focus", the unrelenting evil of the villain's vengeance, and of his philandering wife's vengeance in return, is completely uncompromised.  The television mise-en-scène is perfect, mostly closeups, with two long shots, one to show that Dr. Pell knows about his wife's infidelity; and the last shot of the show, viewing the screaming, flailing, helpless victim of his own wrath in shadow, shadow, shadow.
 
There is no moral or religious significance  to "Soft Focus", nor to any of the
Way Out teleplays -- and I am interested in finding such significance when I can.  "Soft Focus" is a completely shattering use of the small screen to horrify and make an indelible impression on the viewer, again of any age.
 
Take the time to visit the Paley Media Center on the north side of 52nd Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue.  There's much else to see.

I was told by the very nice keeper of the consoles that no one ever asks for these
Way Out episodes except one peculiar gentleman who comes twice a year and asks to see them all.

She doesn't know his name but seems to remember the face.  This is really true.
 
I wonder if  his name is Pell.  I wonder if his face is even more memorable than she says.

[Editor's Note:  There was a bit of humor in the series, provided by Dahl's on-camera introductions, in the first of which he said, "The story we are about to see is not for children, nor young lovers, nor people with queasy stomachs. It is for wicked old women."

View Article  SERUM TO CODFISH COVE (PAGE EIGHT)


The eighth page of "Serum To Codfish Cove" by the legendary Carl Barks, found on Rodney Bowcock's Comics and Stories blog, which Mr. Bowcock has sadly just abandoned.

With the nephews on the case, Barks's story kicks into high gear.  Donald's repentance resolves the moral aspect of the fable -- all that's left now is action and consequence.  We've come a long way from the first cozy scene in the house, with the snow piling up outside and Donald wanting to read about it in the newspaper -- and yet, in the next to last panel above, Codfish Cove, finally in sight, seems farther away than ever.

I'll be posting the whole thing (ten pages in all) as a tribute to Barks and to Mr. Bowcock, whose blog will be missed.
View Article  STELLA MARIS


Mary Pickford's Stella Maris, from 1918, is a genuinely strange film, not by any means, I think, the conventional melodrama it pretends to be. Pickford plays two roles in it -- the pampered, protected, ethereal Stella Maris and the homely, hard-luck Unity Blake, a characterization bordering on the grotesque. On paper, the title role ought to be the star part, and in a way it is -- Stella gets the good lighting, the pretty clothes and the guy. But Unity steals the show, blowing all the other actors off the screen -- including Pickford as Stella in the double exposures.


Stella is sweet, but she delivers little more than poise on screen, while Unity has energy, quirkiness, self-perception and soul. The performance by Pickford in the role is sublime -- she never strikes a false note, never steps beyond the twisted, battered persona of the orphan Unity . . . and yet in her moments of despair, yearning, resolution, she achieves the kind of transcendent beauty we often see shining out from behind the many grotesque masks of Lon Chaney. Stella, by contrast, seems like something seen in a shop window.



It's hard not to believe that there was something deliberate in this, however unconscious. Perhaps it could be explained by the fact that Pickford simply got carried away, inspired beyond reason, by the role of Unity. But why pull back so far in the other role? Stella has little to do beyond smile or sigh at the wickedness of the world. Stella is a doll-woman, Unity is a force of nature, and the contrast is illuminating.

It's finally very difficult to come up with a reason for the hero to fall in love with Stella -- the love scenes between them are oddly bloodless and perfunctory. There are a lot of reasons for him to fall in love with Unity, who loves him hopelessly. The two times he and Unity embrace in the film are electrifying and very moving. There's something close to bitterness in the choices Pickford makes in the two characterizations and it sets the melodrama of the story on its ear.



I think it's fair to see in the dual role some kind of metaphor for female duality -- not the duality of woman as a man might conceive it, between angel and whore, but as a woman might, as Pickford might, between ugly-ducking and swan. Pickford was hardly a "normal" woman of the early 20th Century -- but she played one on stage and on screen. The contrast between the normal life she incarnated dramatically and the actual life she led must have weighed on her psyche. She was not a conventional beauty, yet her attractiveness put bread on her family's table -- the judgment of others, of men, often meant the difference between success and failure. Is it too fanciful to imagine that she sometimes, in the tough times, looked at herself in the mirror -- as Unity does in this film -- and despaired of her assets, feeling doomed?

Certainly Pickford's heart is with Unity in this film -- and so is the viewer's. The performance is one of the greatest achievements of silent cinema. It defines the film in a way that would not have been possible in the sound era, when the literary text set such a limit on what a film could be, could mean. A transcendent performance that violated the text, as Pickford's performance as Unity violates the text of Stella Maris, would have resulted at best in an interesting failure in a sound film. Here it results in an improbable, breathtaking, emotionally disconcerting masterpiece.
View Article  SERUM TO CODFISH COVE (PAGE SEVEN)


The seventh page of "Serum To Codfish Cove" by the legendary Carl Barks, found on Rodney Bowcock's Comics and Stories blog, which Mr. Bowcock has sadly just abandoned.

I'll be posting the whole thing (ten pages in all) as a tribute to Barks and to Mr. Bowcock, whose blog will be missed.
View Article  OUR TOWN


David Cromer's Off-Broadway production of Our Town, at the Barrow Street Theatre in Manhattan, has been getting lots of press attention and some extraordinary reviews.  Frank Rich in The New York Times devoted a very insightful column to it, relating the play and this production to the profound crisis of spirit currently afflicting the nation.

mardecortesbaja is happy to offer this equally insightful report on the production by Paul Zahl, who was lucky enough to see it last week.  Cromer's staging ends with a startling coup de theatre which Paul discusses in his report and which you might not want to know about if you're planning to see the show, so I've segregated that passage on a separate linked page.

If you weren't planning to see the show, and if you're within striking distance of New York City, I think Paul's report, and Rich's thoughts, might get you to reconsider:


                                                                                   [Image©Scott Prior]

PILGRIMAGE

Wednesday afternoon I took the Vamoose bus from Bethesda, Maryland to the Port Authority in Manhattan and arrived basically in time to take the subway down to Christopher Street for the 7:30 performance of Our Town at the Barrow Street Theatre.  It was a pilgrimage for me, because I am influenced just now by the wisdom of Thornton Wilder (below) and had heard a lot about this particular production.


 
Charles Isherwood had written in
The New York Times of a ". . . surprise Mr. Cromer springs -- a beautiful feat of stagecraft that transmits the essence of Wilder's philosophy with an overwhelming sensory immediacy."

Terry Teachout had written in
The Wall Street Journal, "I don't use the word 'genius' casually, but Mr. Cromer may fill the bill."

Moreover, Tappan Wilder, Thornton Wilder's literary executor who is a friend here in the Washington area, had blessed the production.  'Tappy' has seen almost every production there is or ever shall be.


 
So . . . a brief stop by a West Village video store that specializes in movies like
From Hell It Came and The Black Sleep (which has the only discussion of the difference between Presbyterianism and Anglicanism to occur in a 1950s "B" horror movie -- no kidding) and then straight into the theater.
 
I don't want to talk about the initial staging -- in which the actors are set within the audience, in and through the side and transverse aisles, and at one point are even asked to read lines of the play.  I had seen this before.
 
But I would like to reflect on the meaning of the play, as a pilgrimage to me, which the staging finally makes possible.  Act One of
Our Town is full of the gossip and interplay of the people of Grovers Corners, New Hampshire.  It presents two families, the Webbs and the Gibbses, as they are in mid-career, going about their business with what we today call "decency", love for one's immediate family, and some elements of Christian sympathy.   The "theme song" of the play is established in Wilder's use of the hymn, "Blest be the tie that binds/Our hearts in Christian love". There is also a tragic character, Mr. Stimson, the defeated alcoholic choirmaster of the First Congregational Church.

Director David Cromer ups the emotion of Act One by universalizing the characters through their everyday 2009 casual clothing and by getting the actors to show their inward lives through concentrated facial expressions and some intense action in pantomime.  Thus Mrs. Webb and Mrs. Gibbs reveal their inner drives through stylized, driven work in their kitchens.

You know you're being gotten to when young George Gibbs breaks down as the result of his father's oblique and rather mild scolding of his son for neglecting his chores at home, at the expense of his mother.  George goes completely to pieces with remorse, and it is so like an adolescent boy!  What I am trying to say is that Act One goes for the inward life of the characters and is not content with the outward words and situations.  There is no sense of our being in the year 1910.  We are rather in 2009, with every family's unhappiness and missed opportunities in the field of love.


                                                                                                
[Image©James Estrin for the NYT]
 
The text of Act Two goes a big step further as the inwardness of Emily and George's wedding is brought out in their tortured recriminations with their parents in the church.  It's Wilder writ large.  This is to say that Emily's entrance into the church is her "inner" entrance, and George and his mother , perfectly portrayed by Lori Myers, act out his resistance with no mediation between thought and act.  This is absolutely wrenching -- the unhappiness and also the initial nobility of every marriage that has ever taken place.  The blistering Stage Manager, played by Scott Parkinson, 'preaches' here a little, and that is correct, as he is now playing the Minister.  Again, everyone is in street clothes of the year 2009 so there is nothing local or 'contextual' to draw the audience away from the universal situation.  If I had any criticism at all of the direction, I would lodge it only and solely at the conclusion of Act Two, where Mrs. Soames' comments about happiness are underscored a little too much.
 
Now for Act Three, the famous Act Three, the Tibetan book of the dead.  I never liked this act, speaking personally, because it seemed too bleak, as if there were no real or warm heaven.  (Note that William Cameron Menzies, director of the later
Invaders from Mars, designed the canvass of the dead in the Hollywood version of Our Town, with William Holden and Martha Scott.   It is the high point of that film, the dead standing, not sitting, on an autumn hillside.  The hillside looks like the one Menzies designed for Invaders, and that's an organic connection in the history of film.)
 
In any event, I was now beginning to anticipate a "surprise", about which all the reviewers had written.  I assumed that it would probably have to do with George's grieving gesture at the end of the Act, which has been staged in many different ways since the play's first performance in 1938.  Was George going to assume a crucified position as Alec Guinness did at the end of the original Broadway production of
The Cocktail Party, which my mother saw and has never forgotten?  Or might Emily come back from the dead, as she did in the filmed version of the play -- a change that Thornton Wilder himself approved?  What was going to happen?

[Click here to find out what does happen in Cromer's production -- those of you who might see it and don't want to be forewarned of the surprise are advised to skip this section and just read Paul's conclusion below.]
 

I have sometimes said in talks and sermons that psychology explains everything, and psychology explains nothing. 
Our Town embodies this view of life, that the inwardness of the characters explains everything, that the outwardness of life escapes everyone, and that we are all actually waiting for a time when, to quote the title of an early 'compressed play' by Wilder, The Sea Shall Give Up Its Dead.  "And tell me about your identity then, Mrs. Smith," the Stage Manager says in Act Three.
 
The Barrow Street Theater production of
Our Town, performed in the late Winter and Spring of 2009, is a religious masterpiece.  I wish I could preach this message.  I have tried to do it, and failed almost completely.  I am trying to do so still.  It is a theme that can never be exhausted.

Paul Zahl is a preacher and theologian, and dedicates the above essay to
Mary McLean Cappleman.
View Article  SERUM TO CODFISH COVE (PAGE SIX)


The sixth page of "Serum To Codfish Cove" by the legendary Carl Barks, found on Rodney Bowcock's Comics and Stories blog, which Mr. Bowcock has sadly just abandoned.

More thrills and spills for Donald as Barks introduces a third line into his hurtling narrative.

I'll be posting the whole thing (ten pages in all) as a tribute to Barks and to Mr. Bowcock, whose blog will be missed.
View Article  CASINO CARPET GALLERY

                                                                                                                               © David Schwartz

David Schwartz, professor of gaming studies at UNLV and author of Suburban Xanadu, has posted a section on his web site devoted to photographs of casino carpets. For those who love casinos, the images can be strangely evocative, since these are the magic carpets that transport one to realms of hope and desire and degradation, silently and largely unobserved. They are busy, silly, slightly insane -- as befits the places they adorn.


I have never consciously noticed the design of the carpet from the El Cortez pictured above, but I know it subliminally -- it brings back the smells of stale cigarette smoke and beer and well-handled coins that pervade the place, a place that always makes me sad . . . but in a good way.

The mere image of the carpet almost brings a tear to my eye -- and the very idea of a casino carpet gallery is just unspeakably cool.

Check it out here:

Casino Carpet Gallery
View Article  SERUM TO CODFISH COVE (PAGE FIVE)


The fifth page of "Serum To Codfish Cove" by the legendary Carl Barks, found on Rodney Bowcock's Comics and Stories blog, which Mr. Bowcock has sadly just abandoned.

Nice transition into the dynamic action sequence above, in which the panel borders get bent out of shape along with Donald.

I'll be posting the whole thing (ten pages in all) as a tribute to Barks and to Mr. Bowcock, whose blog will be missed.